The city of Mumbai sits on India's west coast with a deep natural harbour, home to India's largest seaport. It is one of the top ten trading centres in the world. Mumbai is considered India's leading financial centre as well as the hub for entertainment and culture. Mumbai is the most populous city in India with a population of 12.5 million in 2011 which is likely over 20 million as of today and one of the most densely populated places in the world. The city is also considered India's most productive city with an estimated GDP per capita (PPP) of about USUS$23,000.
Mumbai has been "under construction" over the past few years, investing heavily in building new infrastructure from the Coastal road project to planning "the Third Mumbai" around the new Navi Mumbai International Airport. Mumbai has developed its first Climate Action Plan (MCAP) to identify mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change, aiming to integrate with the city's Development Plan 2034, and aiming for Net Zero by 2050. Its other initiatives include slum rehabilitation projects and public private partnerships in urban governance such as the Mumbai Transformation Programme.
The city still has a way to go to improve Liveability for its residents. Access to public transport, walkability, personal safety and air quality are critical issues for Mumbai residents. As the city continues to grow and develop, current urban stresses such as pollution, congestion and urban heat will only be exacerbated. Studies have shown that the cost of managing urban heat could cost Mumbai almost double New York City's expenditure to do the same.
